TURKEY AND SYRIA; Congressional Record Vol. 165, No. 169

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TURKEY AND SYRIA

Mr. CARPER. Mr. President, I want to take the next 15 or 20 minutes

today to talk about the ongoing situation in Syria and the region

surrounding that country.

It is a part of the world that some folks might not be all that

familiar with, so let's take a look at the area that I will be

discussing today: Syria, the Mediterranean, with Greece up here.

Just north of Syria, we have Turkey. To the southeast of Syria, we

have Iraq. Further to the east of Iraq, we have Iran. To the south-

southwest of Syria, we have Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan. South of

Jordan is Saudi Arabia. Over here we have Egypt, the Red Sea, and

Georgia--not the State, the country. That gives us just a little bit of

the lay of the land. The focus of my remarks today will be on Syria.

Three years and 4 months ago this week, I stood here on the Senate

floor in front of a map of Syria and spoke of the progress that was

about to be made in that country in the battle to degrade and destroy

ISIS.

We are going to look at another map. It is pretty much the same area,

blown up--Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel. The area

here in what I call a peach color is where ISIS was running the show or

had undue influence.

At this particular point in time, ISIS had been making undeniable

progress in building what they called their caliphate, their country,

their capital. Again, this is the area they covered at the height of

their influence.

ISIS at that time had recruited more manpower than any terrorist

group in the world and was also the richest terrorist group in the

world. They would literally go into an area of the town or country and

loot the banks, empty the vaults, take the cash, take the money, and

run.

Through their dominant social media presence, ISIS was attracting

some 2,000 foreign fighters per month. That included 10 Americans per

month, which would mean over 100 Americans per year on an annual basis.

ISIS controlled most of northern Syria, including Raqqa, which it

claimed as its capital, and the strategic city of Manbij, which is

close by.

ISIS was able to project an image of strength to the world, reeling

in potential recruits by touting their victories in the region. You

know how everybody wants to be the winner in football, and you see a

lot of people wearing Boston Patriots clothing. We will probably see a

lot more Nats fans in the months to come and Houston Astros fans as

well. But ISIS was projecting an image of strength to the world, and

they were reeling in potential recruits by touting their victories in

the region and their growing territory.

Three years and four months ago, when I stood here on the Senate

floor, progress was actually being made in reversing ISIS's growth.

U.S. and Kurdish forces had recaptured Manbij, sending ISIS recruitment

tumbling, from about 2,000 fighters a month down to 200. I will say

that again. They were recruiting 2,000 a month, and they were down to

about 200.

We had found where they kept a lot of their money, not all of it, but

we destroyed about one-third of it. ISIS had previously held the

strategically important Sunni Triangle in nearby Iraq. But when I spoke

on the floor, right here, 3 years ago, in 2016, Iraqi forces recaptured

the cities of Tikrit, Fallujah, and Ramadi, and we were poised to make

additional gains in the months that followed in the battle against

ISIS.

Just over a year later, in 2017, Raqqa was recaptured from ISIS

control. Around that time, and in the months that followed, ISIS's

sphere of influence undoubtedly diminished by about two-thirds.

I referred to that map already, but we will look at it again. This is

where

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they were about 3 years and 4 months ago. That is basically where they

were. In short order, from there, they lost about two-thirds of the

land they were controlling and are down to this point right here.

When I speak of the progress we made, I am not just referring to U.S.

forces or the United States alone or one or two of our allies. I am

speaking of a coalition--get this--of over 60 nations that would come

together to fight the rise of ISIS and prevent it from establishing the

caliphate that I referred to earlier.

Each member of the coalition found that it was in their own naked

self-interest to join this fight as part of a bigger coalition. Among

the forces that contributed the most, though, were--believe it or not--

the Syrian Kurds.

If you asked most people, who are the Kurds, where are they from,

tell us something about the Kurds, they would have no idea. It turns

out, the Kurds are one of the largest ethnic groups in the world

without a nation of their own to call their own home. There are 30

million of them. They are largely divided across four countries: Syria,

Turkey, Iran, and Iraq.

For decades, the Kurds have sought self-determination and basic

rights, something we all want for ourselves and our families. But too

often, instead, they have been victimized, attacked, and slaughtered,

including by President Erdogan of Turkey.

Over the last several years, though, Kurdish soldiers trained and

fought against ISIS alongside of our soldiers as part of the Syrian

Democratic Forces. They call themselves the SDF, or the Syrian

Democratic Forces. The Kurdish soldiers put their lives at risk to stop

ISIS from successfully establishing a caliphate from which to wreak

even more havoc around the globe and even here in the United States.

In fact, the Kurdish SDF fighters were the ones carrying out most of

the ground operations, while U.S. troops provided support. Their

willingness--the willingness of the Kurdish fighters--to risk their

lives and shed their blood likely meant that countless American lives

were spared.

I am going to say that again. The willingness of Kurdish fighters to

risk their lives and shed their blood likely meant that countless

American lives were spared.

Some 11,000 Kurdish fighters have been killed in combat while

fighting ISIS. Compare that to the four American lives we have lost

during the same campaign. Think about that. Eleven thousand Kurdish

fighters laid down their lives. Four Americans lost their lives. That

is too many, but what an imbalance. We have heard it said oftentimes:

They laid down their lives to spare ours. And that is exactly what

happened.

Earlier this month, President Trump abruptly announced that he would

be pulling the remaining coalition forces from Syria, effective

immediately. He did not do so after thoughtful consideration of the

risks involved to U.S. interests. He did not consult with our allies.

As far as I know, he did not consult with our military leadership--

certainly not some of the ones retired now who are speaking up, raising

their voices. Rather, he did so after a weekend phone call with Turkish

President Erdogan.

In the process, he left our Kurdish allies hanging out to dry.

As someone who has actually served this Nation in uniform at a time

of war, I have served with coalitions before. Two of the most important

factors in building a successful coalition are communication and trust.

Our abrupt abandonment of Kurdish forces and their people will not

serve to encourage other countries around the world to risk the lives

of their soldiers and join a coalition led by us, the Americans. In

fact, what we have done in abandoning the Kurds is going to discourage

other nations from deciding to join a coalition with us in the future--

certainly in the near future and maybe longer than that.

The decision to abandon our Kurdish allies isn't just morally wrong--

and it is. It is not just harmful to our credibility with allies around

the globe--and it is harmful. It is a gift to several of our greatest

adversaries.

Here is what President Trump's abrupt decision to pull U.S. ground

forces from Syria has achieved. He has created almost overnight a power

vacuum in which ISIS can regroup and wreak havoc again. According to

recent news reports, ISIS fighters are cheering President Trump's

decision on social media channels viewed around the world.

Just this week, our Secretary of Defense confirmed that over 100 ISIS

prisoners have escaped, adding that the United States does not know

where they are today. And what does our President say in response to

all of this? He tells us that captured ISIS prisoners are secured.

Unfortunately, that does not appear to be true.

And, when presented with the possibility that ISIS prisoners might be

released as a result of his hasty withdrawal, what did our President

say? This is what he said: \\\`\\\`Well, they're going to be escaping to

Europe.'' Think about that. \\\`\\\`Well, they're going to be escaping to

Europe.''

Who do we know in Europe? Do we have friends? Yes, we do--NATO, which

we have been a part of for half a century. They are our friends. They

are our allies.

Somehow, the idea that that is where the escaped ISIS folks are going

to head is OK. Well, it is not OK. Those words, in my view, are

disgraceful.

As chairman and ranking member of the Senate Homeland Security and

Governmental Affairs Committee for a number of years, I worked with my

colleagues--Democrats and Republicans alike--and others to find ways to

effectively combat ISIS.

Of course, it was critical to degrade and destroy ISIS extremists

overseas on the battlefield, but, unfortunately, in today's day and

age, ISIS's message of hate doesn't need a visa and doesn't need a

plane ticket to reach our shores. It has been just as important to find

ways to counter ISIS's abhorrent and twisted messages in order to

prevent the radicalization of American citizens right here at home, in

the United States of America.

We worked tirelessly during the Obama administration to reach out to

communities across our country and worked with local officials, with

faith leaders, and with family members to combat terrorist groups'

efforts to radicalize and recruit our own citizens--our own citizens

who might be vulnerable to their hateful ideology.

ISIS fighters never have to step foot on American soil to spread

their hate and inspire unspeakable violence. For our President to brush

off the escape of 100 or more of these prisoners and say it is not our

problem because they will go to Europe I think is callous. I think it

is thoughtless. It is foolish, and it demonstrates a fundamental lack

of understanding of the ever-evolving terrorist threats we face in this

world today.

President Trump's decision to pull out of Syria without a plan to

protect our gains hasn't just energized ISIS fighters there. It has

also given Russian President Vladimir Putin a long-desired foothold in

the Middle East. Just yesterday, President Putin and Erdogan announced

that their forces will jointly establish and patrol a 20-mile-wide safe

zone along the Syrian-Turkish border.

I don't know if we can look at this. Here is Syria. Turkey is up

here. Close to the Euphrates, there is an area there, about a 20-mile

safe zone, that will be patrolled not by the Syrian Kurds but by the

folks from Russia and the soldiers from Turkey.

If the Kurds want help fighting Erdogan's ethnic cleansing and

chemical attacks, instead of turning to the United States, they now

have only another dictator to turn to, and that is Vladimir Putin. And

because we left the region without a plan for exit, Mr. Putin has

secured an important public relations win of his own.

At least one base where American forces used to work side by side

with Kurdish forces in Syria to gather and share critical intelligence

regarding ISIS's movements--now it not in our hands, not in the hands

of the Syrian Kurds, but it is in Russian hands. You know what they are

doing with that change of hands? They are tweeting their videos to

prove it and laughing all the way to--I don't know--where ever they go.

If empowering Russia, Erdogan, and ISIS wasn't enough, President

Trump's decision to leave the region also creates a golden opportunity

for Iranian hardliners to achieve a long-desired goal of their own--

that is, to establish

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a land bridge across the Middle East in order to further antagonize our

allies the Israelis.

President Trump has repeatedly promised to fulfill his campaign

promise to end what he calls America's endless wars. We should not be

fooled. Not one war has ended during his Presidency. In fact, more

troops have actually been deployed to the Middle East than have come

home.

Today, roughly 200,000 U.S. troops are deployed all around the globe.

Some of those troops are in war zones, in places like Iraq,

Afghanistan, Somalia, and a small number remain in Syria. Even more

troops remain overseas from legacy missions, in places like Japan,

Germany, the Philippines, and Australia. For instance, right now more

than 28,000 U.S. troops are stationed in South Korea. Just 2 weeks ago,

President Trump announced that he would be sending an additional 3,000

troops to Saudi Arabia.

Prior to President Trump's reckless withdrawal from Syria, there were

roughly 1,000 American troops stationed in the northeastern corner of

that country. Compared to America's military presence elsewhere, that

is a small fraction. Think about that. Some 200,000 American troops are

spread around the world. Roughly 1,000 of them, which is less than one-

half of 1 percent, were serving in this part of the world, in Syria.

In spite of their strategic presence, President Trump chose to

abruptly pull a small number of troops out of Syria. As it turns out,

with the death of John McCain, I am the last Vietnam veteran serving in

the U.S. Senate. I know well what it is like to come home from a long

deployment. When I was with my squadron, we deployed overseas 6 months

three times to Southeast Asia.

I agree that we cannot afford to entangle our men and women in

uniform in endless conflicts around the globe. It is not fair to them,

and it is not fair to their families. But what Donald Trump has

achieved is not a carefully negotiated cease-fire to shore up the gains

we have made against ISIS and to fulfill our commitments to the allies

who helped us along the way. Oh, no, make no mistake, this is a

retreat.

The last thing I will say is this: I am not alone. In fact, I am far

from alone in criticizing this administration's decision with respect

to the withdrawal of a small number of troops from Syria.

In the past week, I have been joined by some unlikely colleagues to

warn about the dangers of Mr. Trump's Syria policy. We have also heard

from top national security officials, past and present--in uniform and

out of uniform--who have extensive experience when it comes to American

foreign policy and military policy.

Just last week, a senior member of the Senate Foreign Relations

Committee described the Trump administration's decision to pull

American troops out of Syria as--in his words--\\\`\\\`out of line'' and also

as \\\`\\\`dangerous.''

That Senator also warned that--these are his words--\\\`\\\`ISIS is the

biggest beneficiary.'' That is what he said. \\\`\\\`ISIS is the biggest

beneficiary.'' Of what? Of the administration's abrupt decision to pull

U.S. troops out of Syria and leave our Kurdish allies open to

predictable invasion and, unfortunately, likely slaughter by the Turks.

You might be surprised to learn those remarks were made by a

Republican colleague from South Carolina, someone who was also in

uniform in his life, Lindsey Graham.

Another one of our colleagues stood right here on the Senate floor

this last week and said that President Trump's decision to abandon our

Kurdish allies \\\`\\\`strikes at American honor.'' He goes on to say: \\\`\\\`What

we have done to the Kurds will stand as a bloodstain''--as a

bloodstain--\\\`\\\`in American history.'' He went on to say that the

ceasefire deal described last week by Vice President Pence as a

victory--and these are words of our colleague--\\\`\\\`does not change the

fact that America abandoned an ally, adding insult to dishonor.''

That Senator went on to say:

The administration speaks cavalierly, even flippantly, even

as our ally has suffered death from casualty. Their homes

have been burned and their families have been torn apart.

Again, those are the words of not a Democratic colleague but a

Republican colleague--our friend from Utah, Senator Mitt Romney.

Just this past weekend, we were warned by a highly decorated, retired

U.S. Marine Corps general, one who served in the Persian Gulf war, one

who served in the war in Afghanistan, and one who served in the Iraq

war. In his warning, he said that the administration's abrupt

withdrawal of U.S. troops from the Syrian-Turkish border will lead to

\\\`\\\`disarray''--disarray in Syria\\--and that \\\`\\\`ISIS will resurge.'' Those

are not my words, not a Democrat's words, but the words of President

Trump's former Defense Secretary, Gen. Jim Mattis, affectionately known

as \\\`\\\`Mad Dog.''

Colleagues, I am not describing a misguided foreign policy here

today. I am describing an abandonment of the values that we as

Americans have embraced since the founding of our democracy. I am going

to say that again. I am not describing a misguided foreign policy--oh,

no. I am describing something much bigger than that--an abandonment of

the values that we as Americans have embraced since the founding of our

democracy.

A bipartisan group of Senators, including myself, have introduced a

package of sanctions that ought to be passed and imposed on Turkey.

These sanctions are stronger than the ones President Trump imposed on

Turkey this week, which he has already, apparently, lifted. He lifted

those sanctions as part of the retreat negotiated by his

administration, and he lifted those sanctions in the face of evidence

that Turkish forces continue to attack Kurds outside of the agreed-upon

safe zone and continue to commit possible war crimes. But even strong

sanctions such as those contained in our bill, if passed, would not

solve the urgent crisis President Trump has created by abandoning our

Kurdish allies.

Here is what the President said in the last week or two: \\\`\\\`I alone

can fix it.''

Well, Mr. President, for once, that might be true. You alone can fix

it. After a single phone call with an authoritarian leader, you created

this mess, and maybe you alone can reverse that decision. I urge you to

do so. In fact, I think we urge you to do so. Don't turn your back on

the Kurds. Don't give up on the gains against ISIS that our service men

and women, along with our allies, fought for so bravely.

That would be leadership. That would protect our national security.

And that is what the American people and our allies look to the

President of the United States to do.

Tom Friedman, a noted author and columnist for the New York Times and

someone who has been here in the Capitol a number of times, has

something he calls the Trump Doctrine. He said the Trump Doctrine is--

it goes something like this: Barack built it. I, Trump, broke it. You

fix it.

I want to turn the Trump Doctrine on its head and say: No, no, no,

Mr. President. You broke it. It can be fixed, and you need to do the

fixing.

With that, I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Sullivan). The Senator from Virginia.

Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, I thank my colleague from Delaware for his

comments.

I rise to continue to speak about the U.S. retreat from Syria and our

alliance with our Kurdish allies.

The hasty withdrawal of the United States from northern Syria

produced vivid and painful pictures of U.S. troops being pelted with

stones and rotting vegetables as they walked away from the Kurdish

allies they had stood alongside in the fight against ISIS for years--

those Kurdish allies who had fought so valiantly with the United

States--our best battlefield partners--in the defeat of ISIS.

The Trump retreat has been pitched by the President as a great

victory for American foreign policy. It isn't. It is a grave failure

that will ultimately make our country less safe. It is paving the way

for potential ethnic cleansing. That has been testified to by

administration officials.

In the last 2 weeks, 176,000 Kurds--more than half of them children--

have been displaced.

President Trump claims that the Kurds understand we are doing them a

great service. That is just flatly wrong.

The Trump retreat empowers Russia, empowers Iran, empowers the Syrian

dictator, Bashar al-Assad, who is an international pariah because he is

responsible for human suffering at an unimaginable scale, and it also

empowers

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Turkey, which, despite being a NATO member, has undergone a troubling

slide toward authoritarianism.

The Trump retreat has led us to abandon a steadfast U.S. ally, the

Syrian Kurds. It is more than just abandoning them and walking away

from them; the President reached out personally to say that they were

no angels, thrashing them on the way out of the door. For what reason?

The Trump retreat has already led to more than 100 ISIS prisoners

escaping, according to the testimony of the special Ambassador who has

been charged to be the envoy for the region, Ambassador Jeffrey. The

President declared that they had \\\`\\\`been largely recaptured,'' but when

Ambassador Jeffrey was asked yesterday about the President's claim, he

stated: \\\`\\\`We do not know where they are.''

Based on testimony from military leadership and diplomats--testimony

which was just read by Senator Carper--it is pretty clear that the

President has increased the likelihood of a resurgence of ISIS with

this move. We hope that does not happen, but it has largely been

predicted by our defense leaders.

What is the grand strategy here? If you look at this highly

consequential decision, which is literally a life-and-death decision,

and you look at how it was made, it becomes pretty clear to me that

there wasn't a grand strategy.

President Trump encouraged a career State Department diplomat,

Ambassador Jim Jeffrey, who spent his whole life in this region, to

come out of retirement and take a portfolio of responsibility for Syria

and the anti-ISIS campaign. Ambassador Jeffrey was charged directly

with this task, but Ambassador Jeffrey testified before the Foreign

Relations Committee the other day that he was not even asked or

consulted about the cause of action that this President took.

Imagine how that would make you feel. You have retired. You are

recruited by the President to come and lead the coalition against ISIS,

to be responsible for the Syrian portfolio. The President makes a life-

and-death decision about the Syrian mission and does not even ask you

for your advice about it. This speaks volumes about the chaotic nature

of the retreat.

In July, Ambassador Jeffrey announced--and this was good news--that

he and the team had convinced Britain and France to add troops to the

mission--the anti-ISIS mission in Syria\\--to deal with this ISIS threat.

That was announced 2 to 3 months ago. But what we heard after President

Trump's announcement was that he did not consult with Britain and

France, the nations that had made commitments and then bulked up their

troop strength in the area. President Macron of France said he heard of

President Trump's decision by tweet.

So when neither the U.S. Ambassador charged with the responsibility

of this mission, nor the British and French allies, who are also

together with us on the battlefield, were consulted about this, that

adds to the sense of chaos.

I believe this: If the administration had come to Congress 3 months

ago or 3 weeks ago and said: Here is our proposal. We want to empower

Russia, Turkey, Iran, and Assad. We want to raise the risk of ISIS

reconstituting. We want to walk away from the Kurds. We want to make

other allies wonder about whether we will be loyal to them. And we want

to send a message that protecting oil wells is more important than

protecting allies--if the administration had come to the Armed Services

or Foreign Relations Committee and said \\\`\\\`We have an idea. This is what

we want to do. What do you think?'' I know what we would have done. I

think virtually everyone in the body would have asked questions but

would have laughed the strategy out of the room.

But the President didn't come to Congress, didn't come to the

relevant committees to share his thought or his idea about what should

be done. Instead, he took the unilateral action, and now we are seeing

the consequences of the Trump retreat.

The Trump retreat was promoted at a press conference by the President

yesterday with a branding, and the branding was \\\`\\\`Mission Accomplished

and Promise Kept.'' That branding sent a very bizarre, chaotic, and

contradictory message: We are protecting oilfields but not our allies

from ISIS. We are pulling out of the region, but we are also putting

thousands more troops in Saudi Arabia. We are pulling out of the

region, but we have, in fact, added 14,000 more troops to the gulf

since May. We are pulling back from the safe zone that we spent months

trying to implement, just to put Russia in charge of that safe zone. We

are empowering dictators, but we are abandoning allies. We are sending

the signal in Saudi Arabia that the reason we are putting troops there

is, as the President said, because they will pay for it, sending the

message that our military are now mercenaries, that we would go to the

country where the country will pay for it regardless of the human

rights situation in that country.

The withdrawal has made it very difficult for anybody to think about

partnering with us in the future against a threat like ISIS.

The Syrian Kurds and the Iraqi Kurds, by the way, are both very, very

strong partners in the battle against ISIS. If ISIS does resurge, the

normal reaction would be to go to our best battlefield partners and ask

them if they would help us to defeat ISIS. The President has made it

virtually impossible for us to go back to the Syrian Kurds and say: OK,

well, now can you help us defeat ISIS again? And I think the

President's actions this week have sent a message to other nations as

well that when the United States asks you to get on the battlefield,

you have to be worried about whether the United States will abandon you

when it has decided your time is up.

I want America--and I know the Presiding Officer does as well because

of his background--to be the country that tells the world \\\`\\\`You can

count on us,'' not the country about which the world says \\\`\\\`Don't

believe a word they say.''

In my capacity as a member of the Senate Armed Services and the

Senate Foreign Relations Committees, I have spoken with a number of

Senate colleagues on both sides of the aisle about what we can do

because I don't think the President is going to reverse course. But

there are things we can do as the article I branch here to repair some

of this or at least start on the road to repair.

There is strong bipartisan support for the passage of the Risch-

Menendez bill, which provides a path forward. This is a bill that deals

with sanctioning Turkey for its behavior and calling the administration

forward to present us with the anti-ISIS plan that should exist right

now. I urge the Senate to take up that bill and pass it immediately. It

has strong bipartisan support.

I further urge the Senate to pass either the House resolution

condemning the President's action or the resolution that Senator

McConnell has introduced to condemn the President's action. I think

either or both of those would be strong statements that the Senate

could make.

For some reason that has not yet been explained, the administration

has refrained from implementing the mandatory CAATSA sanctions against

Turkey following Turkey's purchase of the S-400 missile system from

Russia. These are mandatory sanctions. By law, the President was

supposed to have implemented them by now.

We have heard from Brett McGurk, who is working in the region, that

Vladimir Putin has looked at Americans and said: Hey, look, Turkey

bought our system, and you guys haven't sanctioned Turkey yet, so you

are a paper tiger.

The actions of these sanctions are noticed in the region, and the

region is wondering: They are mandatory. Yet the United States isn't

implementing the sanctions. Why not?

I call on the administration to reverse this decision and immediately

implement the sanctions to send an important message to both Turkey and

Russia.

I call on Congress and the administration to be focused on the need

for increased humanitarian assistance in the region. The 176,000 Kurds

who have been displaced from their land already are likely to be

followed by tens or hundreds of thousands more, and we should focus on

what we might do in the humanitarian space to assist them. I believe

that humanitarian assistance to international NGOs is important and,

also, I would argue, humanitarian assistance to the KRG--to the

Kurdistan Regional Government.

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Naturally, as the Kurds leave the space in northern Syria under

attack from Turkey, one of the places they are likely to go is to

Kurdistan and northern Iraq. In the first 10 days, nearly 9,000 Kurdish

refugees from Syria have crossed the border into Iraq.

So as we are looking to humanitarian assistance to deal with the

scope of this crisis created by President Trump's action, I hope we

will consider humanitarian support to the KRG as Kurds cross the

border.

I call on Congress to pass the bill that has been introduced by

Senators Warner and Blumenthal, which would provide special immigrant

visa opportunities for Kurdish translators and others who have worked

alongside our military. This is something we have had a good track

record of doing with people who supported our troops in Iraq and

supported our troops in Afghanistan and then are left in harm's way

because of that support. Those on the Kurdish side who have worked

together with our troops in northern Syria, I think, should be extended

the same special immigrant visa status.

The administration should be asked to come to both Houses of Congress

and testify about the plan to prevent a resurgent ISIS. This is

something Americans should be afraid of. Maybe the administration has a

plan about how they will try to protect against that happening, but

whether they have a plan or not, they should come to Congress, and we

should ask them about it.

Finally, I want the White House to release the transcript of the call

between President Trump and President Erdogan in which this deal was

hashed. When I heard the testimony of Ambassador Jeffrey at the hearing

yesterday--the testimony was public--that he wasn't consulted and that

the British and French, who have just recently put in troops, weren't

consulted, I still have real questions about why this decision was

made. I believe those questions would largely be answered if the

transcript of the call between Presidents Erdogan and Trump were

delivered, whether in a classified or other context to Congress, so I

call on the White House to release the transcript.

I am going to conclude with this: Along with many of our colleagues

today, I gathered here in the Chamber at 10:30 to go over to the

memorial service for Elijah Cummings, and it was a powerful one. It was

a powerful one. Not many Members of Congress--Senate or House--lie in

state in the Capitol, and it was a moving occasion.

I knew Elijah Cummings pretty well, being kind of a next-door

neighbor of Virginia and Maryland. Over the years, we did a number of

events together. One of the things that Representative Cummings used to

say in one of these voices that sounded like it was coming out of the

Old Testament--you know, it was a fire-and-brimstone voice--was this

powerful, powerful statement: \\\`\\\`We are better than this.''

He would say that, and when he would say it, he would say it about a

number of circumstances. He said it probably most recently, most

vividly, when pictures emerged of children in cages at the border. But

he would often say it, and he would say it to criticize actions. It

would sound like a tough criticism.

But as some of the eulogists today were mentioning that statement of

Representative Cummings, I thought about \\\`\\\`We are better than this,''

what it means, and it suddenly struck me as not a critical statement.

It suddenly struck me as an extremely optimistic and positive

statement. I hadn't really thought of it that way until I heard it

earlier today.

Why do I say it was optimistic and positive? The statement \\\`\\\`We are

better than this'' says that whatever the imperfections of the day, we

are really more defined by our ideals than our imperfections. We are

more defined by our values than our vices. And, sure, when he would use

that statement, he would be criticizing an imperfection of the day--a

bad decision or bad policy--but he would be criticizing it by saying

that we as a country, we as a Congress, we as a Senate, even we as

individuals are actually better than this. Our ideals are better than

the way we are acting right now.

If you look at reality, you can define it by its imperfection or you

can try to define it by its ideals, and I would like to have a judge

who looked at me and judged me by my ideals more than my imperfections,

even while calling me to live up to my ideals.

The fact that an Elijah Cummings, who had suffered throughout his

life many kinds of second-class treatment of discrimination, even being

routed into special ed classes as a kid because people thought he was

slow when he was actually really, really gifted, the fact that he would

go through life and still believe so strongly that our country's values

and ideals were a more accurate reflection of who we are than our

imperfections and vices is something that I found pretty inspirational

as I thought about his life.

I do believe we are better than this with respect to this particular

issue. I think we are better than abandoning battlefield allies. I

think we are better than empowering authoritarian dictatorships. I

think we are better than suggesting we care more about oil than we care

about people. I think we are better than facilitating ethnic cleansing

of a proud population, including kids. I think we are better than this.

So in the spirit of Representative Cummings, I am going to define us

as a nation, us as a Senate, us as individuals more by our ideals than

by our imperfect actions and then call us to live up to it. There are

concrete steps we can take--some of which I have outlined--that I think

will be more in tune with who we actually are and the ideals we hold.

I suggest the absence of a quorum.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.

The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.

Mr. SCOTT of Florida. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the

order for the quorum call be rescinded.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

(At the request of Mr. Schumer, the following statement was ordered

to be printed in the Record.)

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